Where Is Your Company Among The Life CycleS Essays -

Where Is Your Company Among The Life Cycle'S? Where is Your Company Among the Life Cycle's? (How Long will the PBX Life Cycle Be?) Recently we did a detailed life cycle evaluation not only on some companies but the system or product used. This example, the PBX system or private branch exchange, would be considered ?buried in overhead? by some, but we broke down into detailed areas evaluating specifics that effect ever-changing technology factors. As PBX technology becomes more advanced, the life expectancy of PBX systems is shrinking. Enterprises must plan for shorter life cycles for newer, server-based PBX systems. I will show different criteria for several types of enterprises using the system yielding limited life expectancies or cycles. My example here is different than the traditional product life cycle, but you can identify the events and actions taken in order to compensate for the unquantifiable metrics often found when trying to make a sound business decision. I understand the Stage of Production, Product/Service Life Cycle, and the Nolan Norton Technology Cost Life Cycle. You will read how I have immersed my discussion even deeper in the technology cost life cycle. Knowingly aware of this, a company most often will know where they are in the other cycles. Key Issue How will enterprises keep their voice- and call-processing equipment up to date through 2002 without facing major migrations? Strategic Planning Assumptions Through 2002, enterprises purchasing PBX systems should expect an average system life cycle of four to five years (0.8 probability). The PCX will become the preferred technology for enterprise-wide voice switching in Type A (leading-edge) enterprises by 2001, while Type B (mainstream) and Type C (conservative) enterprises will delay adoption of PBX technology by up to five years (0.7 probability). Enterprises planning to purchase PBX systems within the next five years face tactical decisions that will affect their business both operationally and financially. PBX systems are migrating from a purely proprietary software and hardware architecture to an open-server platform that will be differentiated by the software, service and support each vendor provides. In the transition to an open-server platform (see Figure 1), one certain change will be that manufacturers will be unable to offer life cycles as long as those offered by their proprietary predecessors. Enterprises planning PBX purchases through 2002 should expect an average PBX system life cycle of four to five years (0.8 probability). Tactical Guidelines Enterprises planning to purchase a PBX system within the next five years should expect an average system life cycle of four to five years. PBX life cycles have typically averaged eight to 10 years; however, changes in PBX architecture will significantly impact PBX longevity. We classify PBX life cycles by Type A, Type B and Type C enterprises: Type A enterprises should plan for PBX life cycles of three to four years. Type B enterprises should plan for PBX life cycles of four to five years. Type C enterprises should plan for maximum PBX life cycles of seven years. In the past, the completely proprietary structure of PBX systems gave their manufacturers the ability to control product life cycles. If new features or technologies were needed, the manufacturer would evaluate the current platform, and implement a combination of hardware, software and firmware solutions to offer that feature or technology on the existing system architecture at an additional cost. This approach provided the enterprise with a reasonably reliable product with an average life cycle of eight to ten years. Product platforms did change, but only when the necessary technology or feature required drastic changes to the existing platform. Even then, manufacturers sought to integrate adjunct peripherals as an interim solution supporting their installed base while a new solution was being developed. Now, as the PBX migrates toward a more data-centric LAN platform, PBX manufacturers will become more reliant on and tied to life expectancies of their server and hardware providers - resulting in the Trojan horse principle. According to this principle, PBX manufacturers will increasingly develop and offer new applications and features that are only available on their server-based products - eventually forcing the transition to an entirely LAN-based architecture. In doing so, vendors may claim that they are only responding to the market request for open standards in telecommunication products. A good

Essay Topics For Upper Intermediate Students

Essay Topics For Upper Intermediate StudentsThe best essay topics for upper intermediate students are really easy to come by. In fact, the topics themselves will not be as hard as you might think. More often than not, it is the method and structure of the essay that does the work. If you can find the proper way to structure your essay, you will have a lot of success in the form of high grades for your project.The first step to take when choosing essay topics for upper intermediate students is to decide which topic you want to write. There are actually two distinct types of essays. The first type is a free-form essay that is usually seen in college-level courses such as English or History. This type of essay is usually comprised of a couple of sentences, mostly consisting of a topic statement and maybe a few paragraphs describing a person or event.The second type of essay is a more structured type of free-form essay. These essays are more common in the United States and are most commo nly found in middle school and high school courses. A structured essay will follow a structure such as:To start the essay, the first sentence should contain information on the reader. This includes their name, age, and what they are studying in school. Another important thing to do is to include information about the person's career, such as where they work, what they do, or why they do it. Finally, the main point of the essay should be stated in the first paragraph of the essay.Now, you will need to introduce the major points of the essay in the body of the essay. The body of the essay will consist of one to three paragraphs. These paragraphs should help to establish the author of the essay and explain the main idea of the essay. You should also be sure to include some suggestions and solutions for the problem you are dealing with in the body of the essay.These essay topics for upper intermediate students are not all that difficult. A lot of the essay topics for upper intermediate students require the student to write short descriptions about what happened in the events described in the first paragraph. The first paragraph is also used to describe the issue at hand and to give a summary of the first paragraph. Then, in the second paragraph, the student should describe the major points in the first paragraph, followed by the solution for the problem and the major problem of the essay.The best essay topics for upper intermediate students will actually be harder than the free-form essay. This is because the style of writing that is required to properly complete this type of essay is much different than the one used in other forms of writing. However, if you learn how to use different methods of writing that are more suited to writing a structured essay, you will find that these types of essays can be a lot of fun. Just make sure to start each sentence with a specific topic.Overall, the best essay topics for upper intermediate students are really easy to come by. Most of the time, the hardest part is actually finding the essay topics for upper intermediate students.

Free Essays on America Play Interpretation

The â€Å"whole† referred to in â€Å"The America Play† seems to embody definitive moments in American History, such as the assassination of President Lincoln. Park focuses not on the celebrated figures of heroism, but those who contributed to the shaping of the country, but have yet to receive credit. The digging of a â€Å"hole† represents the search for the history of unrecognized African-Americans. In Act I, the Foundling Father speaks of the â€Å"Lesser Known† who is compared to Abraham Lincoln and only receives recognition through this association. In trying to find his own voice, the Lesser Known becomes an imitation of Lincoln’s legend. The Foundling Father states that, â€Å"he [The Lesser Man] wanted to grow and have others think of him and remove their hats and touch their hearts and look up into the heavens and say something about the freeing of the slaves. That is, he wanted to make a great impression as he understood Mr. Lincoln to have made,† (Act I, 214). In search of his own identity and recognition, the Lesser Man only lives out the events, and even death, of an already historically recognized figure. Lincoln’s death is made into a gruesome joke, and literally an amusement. No heroism is associated with the sufferers of slavery themselves, forcing the Lesser Man to gain acknowledgment vicariously though an already established historical figure. . A later generation also digs with the intent of uncovering a part of African American history that has been lost in the past. Lucy tells Brazil, â€Å"Itssalways been important in my line to distinguish. Tuh know the difference. Not like you Fathuh. Your Fathuh became confused. His lonely death and lack of proper burial is our embarrassment. Go on: dig. Now me I need tuh know thuh real thing from thuh echo. Thuh truth from thuh hearsay,† (Act II, 21). Lucy seeks to find more than what is acknowledged American H... Free Essays on America Play Interpretation Free Essays on America Play Interpretation The â€Å"whole† referred to in â€Å"The America Play† seems to embody definitive moments in American History, such as the assassination of President Lincoln. Park focuses not on the celebrated figures of heroism, but those who contributed to the shaping of the country, but have yet to receive credit. The digging of a â€Å"hole† represents the search for the history of unrecognized African-Americans. In Act I, the Foundling Father speaks of the â€Å"Lesser Known† who is compared to Abraham Lincoln and only receives recognition through this association. In trying to find his own voice, the Lesser Known becomes an imitation of Lincoln’s legend. The Foundling Father states that, â€Å"he [The Lesser Man] wanted to grow and have others think of him and remove their hats and touch their hearts and look up into the heavens and say something about the freeing of the slaves. That is, he wanted to make a great impression as he understood Mr. Lincoln to have made,† (Act I, 214). In search of his own identity and recognition, the Lesser Man only lives out the events, and even death, of an already historically recognized figure. Lincoln’s death is made into a gruesome joke, and literally an amusement. No heroism is associated with the sufferers of slavery themselves, forcing the Lesser Man to gain acknowledgment vicariously though an already established historical figure. . A later generation also digs with the intent of uncovering a part of African American history that has been lost in the past. Lucy tells Brazil, â€Å"Itssalways been important in my line to distinguish. Tuh know the difference. Not like you Fathuh. Your Fathuh became confused. His lonely death and lack of proper burial is our embarrassment. Go on: dig. Now me I need tuh know thuh real thing from thuh echo. Thuh truth from thuh hearsay,† (Act II, 21). Lucy seeks to find more than what is acknowledged American H...

What Your SAT Scores Really Mean In College Admissions

For many high school students, standardized tests are a huge part of the college admissions process. After all, selective colleges often use test scores to help in the initial screening of applications, so it’s only natural that many students get anxious just thinking about them. Here at , we have successfully counseled hundreds of students through the test prep and college application processes, so we’ve heard all the questions and more. Will a bad score mean I can’t get into my top choice college? Does a perfect score outweigh my less-than-stellar grades? What score will guarantee me a place at an Ivy League? There’s no doubt that standardized test scores often play a role in college admissions, but it’s hard to generalize exactly much they matter across the board. In this post, we’ll discuss the various ways in which standardized test scores are weighed during the college admissions process. So, if you’re gearing up for a standardized test or college app season, read on to learn more about how much your SAT or ACT scores actually matter. There are two instances in which SAT and ACT are weighed heavily on college applications. The first is at the very beginning of an application’s review, and the second is at the end. Initially, SAT and ACT scores are sometimes used as screening tools in the college admissions process. That means they are one a few factors that are commonly reviewed before an entire application gets read. Admissions committees have a tough job. They often have to sort through thousands of applications to find the students who will be the best match at their university. Because these admissions officers are real people, and not simply robots without the need for sleep, food, or drink during admissions season, they are simply not able to read each and every application in its entirety. Instead, each application gets an initial review, or what amounts to essentially a skim reading, to determine if it should be looked at in more depth. Often, these initial reviews include a glance at standardized test scores, along with a few other factors like grades and extracurriculars or honors. If your scores in combination with these other factors do not compel the admissions committee to look further, there’s a possibility that your application won’t be completely reviewed. In other words, there are a few pieces of data on your application that have the opportunity to impress at first glance, and test scores are one of them. Perform well enough and you just might earn a spot in the second round of application reviews. Have a dismal showing and fail to compel the admissions committee in other ways and your application may not see the light of another day. The second instance in which your standardized test scores can be very important is when the admissions committee is finalizing their acceptances. Imagine this—the committee has narrowed their choices to 50 applicants, but only has room for half of them. Their job now is to compare the applicants and choose the ones who are most likely to succeed. If your application is identical to the next one, but you outscore him or her by 100 points on your SAT, you will likely become the more desirable candidate. Sometimes, SAT and ACT are not important in college admissions. This is great news for the student who simply doesn’t perform well on tests or who, for whatever reason, hasn’t prepped as well as possible. With our free SAT guide, you'll get ’s top tips for mastering the SAT. Enter your name and email below to download the checklist. SAT and ACT scores become less important when other aspects of your application become more compelling. For example, if you have competed at the national level in athletics or you have patented a new advance in medical technology, the fact that you performed poorly on your verbal SAT will be less important because the remainder of your application is so strong. Another time when standardized test scores don’t matter as much is when you are applying to a specific major or program that is largely unrelated to them. If your calling is musical performance and you have performed on the national stage, successfully competed in high profile band competitions, and taught master classes at a local community college, your SAT or ACT scores aren’t very relevant to your intended course of study. Finally, some colleges simply don’t weigh standardized tests very heavily. For example, Wesleyan, Bowdoin, Bates, and George Washington University don’t require standardized tests at all anymore, and these are just a few of the colleges that now consider these tests optional. To learn more about testing-optional schools, check out our post The Reality of the Testing Optional Trend . Standardized test scores aren’t just useful to college admissions committees. They can be useful to you, the applicant, as well. When you are choosing which colleges you’ll apply to, you can use your SAT or ACT scores to help narrow your choices. The simplest way to do this is by researching the SAT and ACT scores of admitted students at the colleges that interest you most. This data is typically readily available through a simple online query and is also often published by US News and World Report in their annual college review. When you review the scores of admitted students, you will usually see them broken down into percentile ranges. For example, at Notre Dame, the 25th percentile SAT score is 1410, the 50th percentile SAT score is 1490, and the 75th percentile SAT score is 1550. This means that if you score a 1400 on the SAT, you should consider Notre Dame a reach school, because your score falls in the bottom 25% of admitted students. Of course, this doesn’t mean that you won’t get in, but it does mean that your application will have to be more impressive in other ways to make up for it. On the other hand, if you score a 1570, you have a far better chance. While you still aren’t guaranteed an acceptance, you can be assured that you won’t be rejected due to your test scores. To learn more about how SAT scores can shape your college list and where you choose to apply, check out our post The College List, Decoded: Safety, Target, and Reach Schools . For help mastering both the content and strategy needed to boost your SAT score, consider the consider the benefits of ’s full service, customized SAT Tutoring Program , where the brightest and most qualified tutors in the industry guide students to an average score increase of 140 points.

Motivation As A Contributing Factor In Second Language Acquisition Essay

Motivation As A Contributing Factor In Second Language Acquisition - Essay Example However, the issue is that there is no singular, fundamental model of motivation as it pertains to second language acquisition (SLA) that can guide instructors of a secondary language or provide further guidance to students in this domain. Therefore, it is necessary to compile the findings of several notable researchers on the subject and determine if there is a best fit model to understanding the motivational variables that contribute to SLA and long-term success after the learning has completed. It is hypothesized that it is externally-driven motivations that contribute the most influence on whether or not an individual remains motivated in this particular task, rather than inherent or intrinsic motivators related to personality, culture, or needs. However, in order to justify this hypothesis, it is necessary to view a cross-section of research findings and expert analyses on the subject to gain perspective on what drives success in SLA as it pertains to motivational stimulus. This literature review provides research data on the educational environment, personality traits in the individual learner, social constructs, and personal attitude components related to cultural values and beliefs. 3. Definitions Before discussing motivational stimulus, it is necessary to define key terms and concepts on the subject: †¢ Motives – A specific need or desire that will prompts goal-directed behaviour† ... These operational definitions will guide the premise of the literature review on each subject pertaining to motivational constructs. 4. External motivators VanTassel-Baska, Feng, McFarlane & Heng (2008) offered results of a research study involving 100 teachers from Singapore and the United States to determine their level of instructional effectiveness as it relates to second language acquisition. The study measured variables on educator competency such as differentiation strategies, critical thinking and metacognition, a form of self-awareness and knowledge of one’s own cognitive processes. In relation to second language acquisition, it was determined that all three factors related to instructional effectiveness impacted motivation in SLA (VanTassel-Baska, et al.). Teacher competency was measured by the ability to create unique classroom curriculum and assist students in understanding their own legitimate limitations as well as talents related to the task. Why is this data im portant? The methodologies employed by teachers related to their creativity and support (humanistically) in helping students identify with their weaknesses and strengths directly impacted whether or not students in SLA were successful at completing the programme. Achievement levels increased based on the differentiation strategies employed, suggesting a positive correlation with the external environment as a predictor of higher motivation. Gardner (2006) supports this assessment, offering that it is the educational context that determines whether or not students are motivated to learn a second language. The educational context involves the system where the student registered, the classroom environment, quality of the programmes offered, classroom

Judicial Precedent Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Judicial Precedent - Essay Example It has also helped in the development of the English law, however original precedent are those that apply new rule in decision making. Despite the importance of judicial precedent higher courts can have an effect on it and this occurs when the following occurs: This happen when a court rejects decisions of an earlier case on the bases that there were no sufficient facts to support the decision, in this case therefore judicial precedent is affected. Example is the Balfour V Balfour (1991) case. Binding precedent is that precedent that must be followed, in this type of precedent lower courts must follow and honor decision made by higher courts. This type of precedent is also referred to as mandatory precedent. Example Young V Bristol (1944) case Persuasive precedent is that precedent that is not mandatory but helps in decision making, it is also known as advisory precedent because it helps in decision making; therefore decision will rely on other parallel court decisions example military courts. Example R v Gott (1992) case ant the R v Howe (1987) case Customs can also be viewed a form of precedent whereby decision by a court will be influenced by customs held by a society, these customs are referred to as precedents only is they have been tradition held by a community for a long time. Certainty is presen Advantage and disadvantage of judicial precedent: Advantages: Certainty: Certainty is present in law whereby decision are made in particular way, in the case where the cases were not based on precedent then there would be the occurrence of uncertainty whereby citizen would not clearly know their rights. Growth: Precedent allows the adoption of law and the development of new laws, relying on previous decisions is a clear indication of adoption of new laws into the system making it possible for growth and development in law. Consistent decision: Due to the fact that decisions are based on previous decisions then there is a high possibility of consistence in judgment and decision making, similar cases with similar fact and issues will receive almost similar decisions. Disadvantages: Rigidity: It has a disadvantage in that it is characterized by rigidity, this occurs when binding decision are made even if the decisions are thought to be wrong, the decisions are made with reference to past decision instead of distinguishing them. Slow growth: Judicial precedent may also lead to slow growth and development of law, this is because judges will make decisions on cases depending on previous decisions despite the need to make adjustments in the law system.

Management Issues of Implementing Welfare to Work Programs In Californi

Management Issues of Implementing Welfare to Work Programs In California In August of 1996, our chief executive of the United States, President Clinton, changed the structure of welfare dependency. He signed into law, the Personal Responsibility and Work Opportunity Reconciliation Act. This act, with its entire new legislature, has come to be known as welfare reform. Our state leaders, administrators and managers face many challenges and constraints in their attempt to implement a law, which will restructure the welfare dependency roles. This paper will take a detailed view of the specific challenges faced by state public sector leaders, in the attempt to implement these new laws which created a new welfare system for the United States. This paper will also highlight the various programs, created from the new legislature, and examine them from implementation through their operations. As the structure of welfare dependency begins to change, the primary challenge faced by state administrators is the ability to get its citizens, who have depended on federal funds to support their families, to depend on their own work generated incomes. For over 60 years, the government has been financially providing a subsidized income for its needy citizens. The government has begun to look for ways to assist its needy and able bodied, welfare dependent citizens, to become much more self-sufficient. The government was also looking at ways to decrease its national debt. Government studies revealed that too many Americans had become too dependent on the financial assistance of the government to support their lifestyles. Tax payers, as well as the republican parties were pushing for a change. They believed that the needy, those that were able sh... ...tive ways to implement dependency reduction programs to fit a large sum of people with a limited and amount of time and funds. Bibliography Barnow, Burt S. and Nightingale, Demetra S., Status of the Welfare-to-Work Grants Program After One Year Challenges, Resources and Flexibility: Using TANF Block Grant and State MOE Dollars http;www.urbaninstitute.org/welfare/wtw_labor.html http://www.dss.cahwnet.gov/calworks/caworks.html http;www.urbaninstitute.org/welfare/wtw_labor.html http://www.hudson.org/wpc/states/cal-tanf.htm http:///www.urban.org/welfare/grants_program/grans_prog.html http://www.dss.cahwnet.gov/calworks/caworks.html http://aspe.os.dhhs.gov/hsp/isp/xsleszn.htm Welfare Policy Center/ Hudson Institute http://www.hudson.org/wpc/states/cal-tanf.htm wysiwyg://119/http//www.ncsl.org/statefed/welfare/flexblty.htm